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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 44

Now, all that had passed between these two people had been observed by a bird called Aictor, who was sitting in a tree and could see everything that happened.

Who acts: that, bird · What happens: pass, observe, call, sit, see, happen · To what, where: two people, bird, tree, everything · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodpunctdet:predetnsubjauxmarkdetnummodnsubj:passauxaux:passadvclcasedetoblaclxcomppunctnsubjauxaclcasedetoblccauxconjobjnsubjacl:relclpunctrootNowADV,PUNCTallDETthatPRONhadAUXpassedVERBbetweenADPtheseDETtwoNUMpeopleNOUNhadAUXbeenAUXobservedVERBbyADPaDETbirdNOUNcalledVERBAictorPROPN,PUNCTwhoPRONwasAUXsittingVERBinADPaDETtreeNOUNandCCONJcouldAUXseeVERBeverythingPRONthatPRONhappenedVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NownowADVPronType=Dem6 passedadvmod
2,,PUNCT_1 Nowpunct
3allallDETPronType=Tot6 passeddet:predet
4thatthatPRONPronType=Rel6 passednsubj
5hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 passedaux
6passedpassVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Partrootroot
7betweenbetweenADP_13 observedmark
8thesethisDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem10 peopledet
9twotwoNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card10 peoplenummod
10peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur13 observednsubj:pass
11hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin13 observedaux
12beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part13 observedaux:pass
13observedobserveVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 passedadvcl
14bybyADP_16 birdcase
15aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art16 birddet
16birdbirdNOUNNumber=Sing13 observedobl
17calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass16 birdacl
18AictorAictorPROPNNumber=Sing17 calledxcomp
19,,PUNCT_22 sittingpunct
20whowhoPRONPronType=Rel22 sittingnsubj
21wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin22 sittingaux
22sittingsitVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part16 birdacl
23ininADP_25 treecase
24aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art25 treedet
25treetreeNOUNNumber=Sing22 sittingobl
26andandCCONJ_28 seecc
27couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin28 seeaux
28seeseeVERBVerbForm=Inf6 passedconj
29everythingeverythingPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Tot28 seeobj
30thatthatPRONPronType=Rel31 happenednsubj
31happenedhappenVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin29 everythingacl:relcl
32..PUNCT_6 passedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1passpast · perfectthatnowvn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2observepast · perfect · passivea birdthis two peoplevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
3callparticiplea bird not said hereAictor xcompvn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4sitpast · progressivea birda treevn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in tree=Location
5seecouldthat not said hereeverythingvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer everything=Stimulus
6happenpastvn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/44/