Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 47
Aictor then perched himself on the chief’s shoulder, and called out in the Ingor language, “Agbor Adam, Agbor Adam, you have broken the law made by Chief Akum Alobi between hunting-men and fishing-women, and you know that whoever breaks this law will be killed.”
Who acts: Aictor, you, whoever · What happens: perch, call out, break, make, know, kill · To what, where: Aictor, shoulder, Ingor language, law · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aictor, you, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aictor | Aictor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 perched | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 perched | advmod |
| 3 | perched | perch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 perched | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 shoulder | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 chief | det |
| 7 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 chief | case |
| 9 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 perched | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 called | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 called | cc |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 perched | conj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 called | compound:prt |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 language | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 language | det |
| 16 | Ingor | Ingor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 language | compound |
| 17 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 called | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Agbor | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 Agbor | punct |
| 20 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 language | appos |
| 21 | Adam | Adam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Agbor | flat |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Agbor | punct |
| 23 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Agbor | flat |
| 24 | Adam | Adam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Agbor | flat |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 broken | punct |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 broken | nsubj |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 broken | aux |
| 28 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 perched | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 law | det |
| 30 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 broken | obj |
| 31 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 law | acl |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 Chief | case |
| 33 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 made | obl:agent |
| 34 | Akum | Akum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Chief | flat |
| 35 | Alobi | Alobi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Akum | flat |
| 36 | between | between | ADP | _ | 39 men | case |
| 37 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 men | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 hunting | punct |
| 39 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 made | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 women | cc |
| 41 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 women | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 fishing | punct |
| 43 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 men | conj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 know | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 know | cc |
| 46 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 47 know | nsubj |
| 47 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 perched | parataxis |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 50 breaks | mark |
| 49 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 breaks | nsubj |
| 50 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 know | advcl |
| 51 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 52 law | det |
| 52 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 53 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 55 killed | aux |
| 54 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 55 killed | aux:pass |
| 55 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 breaks | ccomp |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 perched | punct |
| 57 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 perched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perch | past | Aictor | Aictor | the chief's shoulder | then | tree rules | ||
| 2 | call out speech: assert | participle | Aictor not said here | the Ingor language | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | break in a quote | present · perfect | you | the law | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient | ||||
| 4 | make in a quote | participle | the law not said here | between hunting men and fishing women; Chief obl:agent | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 5 | know in a quote | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | break in a quote | present | whoever | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | kill in a quote | future · passive | this law | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/47/