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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 47

Aictor then perched himself on the chief’s shoulder, and called out in the Ingor language, “Agbor Adam, Agbor Adam, you have broken the law made by Chief Akum Alobi between hunting-men and fishing-women, and you know that whoever breaks this law will be killed.”

Who acts: Aictor, you, whoever · What happens: perch, call out, break, make, know, kill · To what, where: Aictor, shoulder, Ingor language, law · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aictor, you, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjadvmodobjcasedetnmod:posscaseoblpunctccconjcompound:prtcasedetcompoundoblpunctpunctapposflatpunctflatflatpunctnsubjauxparataxisdetobjaclcaseobl:agentflatflatcasecompoundpunctoblcccompoundpunctconjpunctccnsubjparataxismarknsubjadvcldetnsubj:passauxaux:passccomppunctpunctrootAictorPROPNthenADVperchedVERBhimselfPRONonADPtheDETchiefNOUN’sPARTshoulderNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJcalledVERBoutADPinADPtheDETIngorPROPNlanguageNOUN,PUNCT“PUNCTAgborPROPNAdamPROPN,PUNCTAgborPROPNAdamPROPN,PUNCTyouPRONhaveAUXbrokenVERBtheDETlawNOUNmadeVERBbyADPChiefPROPNAkumPROPNAlobiPROPNbetweenADPhuntingNOUN-PUNCTmenNOUNandCCONJfishingNOUN-PUNCTwomenNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJyouPRONknowVERBthatSCONJwhoeverPRONbreaksVERBthisDETlawNOUNwillAUXbeAUXkilledVERB.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AictorAictorPROPNNumber=Sing3 perchednsubj
2thenthenADVPronType=Dem3 perchedadvmod
3perchedperchVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes3 perchedobj
5ononADP_9 shouldercase
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 chiefdet
7chiefchiefNOUNNumber=Sing9 shouldernmod:poss
8’s'sPART_7 chiefcase
9shouldershoulderNOUNNumber=Sing3 perchedobl
10,,PUNCT_12 calledpunct
11andandCCONJ_12 calledcc
12calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass3 perchedconj
13outoutADP_12 calledcompound:prt
14ininADP_17 languagecase
15thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 languagedet
16IngorIngorPROPNNumber=Sing17 languagecompound
17languagelanguageNOUNNumber=Sing12 calledobl
18,,PUNCT_20 Agborpunct
19“"PUNCT_20 Agborpunct
20AgborAgborPROPNNumber=Sing17 languageappos
21AdamAdamPROPNNumber=Sing20 Agborflat
22,,PUNCT_23 Agborpunct
23AgborAgborPROPNNumber=Sing20 Agborflat
24AdamAdamPROPNNumber=Sing20 Agborflat
25,,PUNCT_28 brokenpunct
26youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs28 brokennsubj
27havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin28 brokenaux
28brokenbreakVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part3 perchedparataxis
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 lawdet
30lawlawNOUNNumber=Sing28 brokenobj
31mademakeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass30 lawacl
32bybyADP_33 Chiefcase
33ChiefChiefPROPNNumber=Sing31 madeobl:agent
34AkumAkumPROPNNumber=Sing33 Chiefflat
35AlobiAlobiPROPNNumber=Sing34 Akumflat
36betweenbetweenADP_39 mencase
37huntinghuntingNOUNNumber=Sing39 mencompound
38--PUNCT_37 huntingpunct
39menmanNOUNNumber=Plur31 madeobl
40andandCCONJ_43 womencc
41fishingfishingNOUNNumber=Sing43 womencompound
42--PUNCT_41 fishingpunct
43womenwomanNOUNNumber=Plur39 menconj
44,,PUNCT_47 knowpunct
45andandCCONJ_47 knowcc
46youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs47 knownsubj
47knowknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 perchedparataxis
48thatthatSCONJ_50 breaksmark
49whoeverwhoeverPRONPronType=Rel50 breaksnsubj
50breaksbreakVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin47 knowadvcl
51thisthisDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem52 lawdet
52lawlawNOUNNumber=Sing55 killednsubj:pass
53willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin55 killedaux
54bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf55 killedaux:pass
55killedkillVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass50 breaksccomp
56..PUNCT_3 perchedpunct
57”"PUNCT_3 perchedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1perchpastAictorAictorthe chief's shoulderthentree rules
2call out speech: assertparticipleAictor not said herethe Ingor languagevn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3break in a quotepresent · perfectyouthe lawvn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient
4make in a quoteparticiplethe law not said herebetween hunting men and fishing women; Chief obl:agentvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
5know in a quotepresentyouvn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
6break in a quotepresentwhoevertree rules
7kill in a quotefuture · passivethis lawvn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/47/