Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 35
Essama reserved a leg, some of the soup, and a yam, which she placed in a pot and hung over the fire to keep warm for Ode when he returned from the river.
Who acts: Essama, yam, BROTHER · What happens: reserve, place, hang, keep, return · To what, where: leg, pot, fire, river
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Essama, yam, BROTHER), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Essama | Essama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 reserved | nsubj |
| 2 | reserved | reserve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 leg | det |
| 4 | leg | leg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reserved | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 soup | punct |
| 6 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 soup | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 soup | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 soup | det |
| 9 | soup | soup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leg | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 yam | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 yam | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 yam | det |
| 13 | yam | yam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reserved | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 placed | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 placed | nsubj |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 placed | nsubj |
| 17 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 yam | acl:relcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 pot | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 pot | det |
| 20 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 placed | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 hung | cc |
| 22 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 placed | conj |
| 23 | over | over | ADP | _ | 25 fire | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 fire | det |
| 25 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hung | obl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 keep | mark |
| 27 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 hung | advcl |
| 28 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 keep | xcomp |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 Ode | case |
| 30 | Ode | Ode | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 keep | obl |
| 31 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 33 returned | advmod |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 returned | nsubj |
| 33 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 keep | advcl |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 river | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 river | det |
| 36 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 returned | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reserved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reserve | past | Essama | a leg and the soup | a yam obl | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme | |||
| 2 | place | past | a yam | a pot | ESSAMA nsubj | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in pot=Destination | |||
| 3 | hang | past | a yam not said here | the fire | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over fire=Location | ||||
| 4 | keep | to-infinitive | a yam not said here | for Ode; warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | return | past | BROTHER | the river | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from river=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/26/35/