Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 60
While they were engaged in drawing the tie-tie from the trees, one man named Oyonga heard a voice calling out, “Who is drawing the tie-tie there?”
Who acts: voice · What happens: engage, draw, name, hear, call out · To what, where: boys, tie tie, trees, one man, voice · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 engaged | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 engaged | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 engaged | aux:pass |
| 4 | engaged | engage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 heard | advcl |
| 5 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 6 drawing | mark |
| 6 | drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 heard | advcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 tie | det |
| 8 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 tie | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 tie | punct |
| 10 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 drawing | obj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 trees | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 trees | det |
| 13 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 drawing | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 man | punct |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 man | nummod |
| 16 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 trees | appos |
| 17 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 man | acl |
| 18 | Oyonga | Oyonga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 named | xcomp |
| 19 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 voice | det |
| 21 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 heard | obj |
| 22 | calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 voice | acl |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 calling | compound:prt |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 drawing | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 drawing | punct |
| 26 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 drawing | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 drawing | aux |
| 28 | drawing | draw | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 calling | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 tie | det |
| 30 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 tie | compound |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 tie | punct |
| 32 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 drawing | obj |
| 33 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 28 drawing | advmod |
| 34 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 19 heard | punct |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | engage | past · passive | boys = boy | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | draw | gerund | the tie tie | the trees | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent tie=Theme from tree=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | name | participle | one man not said here | Oyonga xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | hear | past | a voice | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | call out speech: ask | gerund | a voice not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | draw in a quote | present · progressive | the tie tie | there | Who nsubj | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tie=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/26/60/