Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 65
When Chief Okim heard what Oyonga had to say, he was vexed, as he did not believe him, so he ordered him to be tied up to a tree and given fifty lashes.
Who acts: Chief, Oyonga · What happens: hear, have, say, vex, not believe, order · To what, where: Oyonga, chief, fifty lashes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, Oyonga), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | Okim | Okim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Chief | flat |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | advcl |
| 5 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 heard | obj |
| 6 | Oyonga | Oyonga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 had | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 what | acl:relcl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 say | mark |
| 9 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 had | xcomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 vexed | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | aux:pass |
| 13 | vexed | vex | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 believe | punct |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 believe | mark |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 believe | nsubj |
| 17 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 believe | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 believe | advmod |
| 19 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 vexed | conj |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 believe | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 ordered | punct |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 ordered | advmod |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 ordered | nsubj |
| 24 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | advcl |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 ordered | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 tied | mark |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 tied | aux:pass |
| 28 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 ordered | xcomp |
| 29 | up | up | ADP | _ | 28 tied | compound:prt |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 tree | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 tree | det |
| 32 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 tied | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 given | cc |
| 34 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 tied | conj |
| 35 | fifty | fifty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 lashes | nummod |
| 36 | lashes | lash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 given | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 vexed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Chief | what obj | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | have | past | Oyonga | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | Oyonga not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | vex | past · passive | Oyonga | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | not believe | past · do-support | Oyonga | chief | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | order | past | Oyonga | chief | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | tie up not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | Oyonga not said here | to a tree | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: to tree=Co-Patient | ||||
| 8 | give | participle | Oyonga not said here | fifty lashes | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lash=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/26/65/