Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., sentence 12
By this time the acid has eaten into the skin, and the dark marks remain, showing the pattern for several months.
Who acts: acid, dark marks · What happens: eat, remain, show · To what, where: skin, pattern
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (acid, dark marks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 eaten | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 acid | det |
| 5 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 eaten | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 eaten | aux |
| 7 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 skin | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 skin | det |
| 10 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 eaten | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 remain | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 remain | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 marks | det |
| 14 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 marks | amod |
| 15 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 remain | nsubj |
| 16 | remain | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 eaten | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 showing | punct |
| 18 | showing | show | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 remain | xcomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 pattern | det |
| 20 | pattern | pattern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 showing | obj |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 months | case |
| 22 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 months | amod |
| 23 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 showing | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 eaten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present · perfect | the acid | the skin | time | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | remain | present | the dark marks | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | show | gerund | the dark marks not said here | the pattern | month | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pattern=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/29/12/