Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., sentence 23
[5] These shelters are made out of palm leaves and are quickly put together, but they do not keep out the rain.
Who acts: shelters · What happens: make out, put together, not keep out · To what, where: shelters, palm leaves, rain
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shelters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 5 | punct |
| 2 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 made | obl |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 5 | punct |
| 4 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 shelters | det |
| 5 | shelters | shelter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 made | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 made | aux:pass |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 leaves | case |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 leaves | case |
| 10 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 leaves | compound |
| 11 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 made | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 put | cc |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 put | aux:pass |
| 14 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 15 put | advmod |
| 15 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 made | conj |
| 16 | together | together | ADV | _ | 15 put | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 keep | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 keep | cc |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 keep | nsubj |
| 20 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 keep | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 keep | advmod |
| 22 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 put | advcl |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 keep | compound:prt |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 rain | det |
| 25 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 keep | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make out | present · passive | this shelters | palm leaves | 5 obl | tree rules | |||
| 2 | put together | present · passive | quickly, together property | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» | |||||
| 3 | not keep out | present · do-support | shelters = shelter | the rain | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/29/23/