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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., sentence 25

[6] The native hunters say that if you shout at an iguana he does not move or take any notice, but if you point at him and whisper, “Look, there is an iguana,” he will run away at once.

Who acts: 6 native hunters, you, water, iguana · What happens: say, shout, not move, take, point, whisper · To what, where: iguana, notice · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (6 native hunters, you, water, iguana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

punctnummodpunctdetamodnsubjmarkmarknsubjadvclcasedetoblnsubjauxadvmodccompccconjdetobjpunctccmarknsubjadvclcaseoblccconjpunctpunctconjpunctexplconjdetnsubjpunctpunctnsubjauxconjadvmodcaseoblpunctroot[PUNCT6NUM]PUNCTTheDETnativeADJhuntersNOUNsayVERBthatSCONJifSCONJyouPRONshoutVERBatADPanDETiguanaNOUNhePRONdoesAUXnotPARTmoveVERBorCCONJtakeVERBanyDETnoticeNOUN,PUNCTbutCCONJifSCONJyouPRONpointVERBatADPhimPRONandCCONJwhisperVERB,PUNCT“PUNCTLookVERB,PUNCTtherePRONisVERBanDETiguanaNOUN,PUNCT”PUNCThePRONwillAUXrunVERBawayADVatADPonceADV.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1[[PUNCT_7 saypunct
266NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card6 huntersnummod
3]]PUNCT_2 6punct
4ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 huntersdet
5nativenativeADJDegree=Pos6 huntersamod
6huntershunterNOUNNumber=Plur7 saynsubj
7saysayVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
8thatthatSCONJ_18 movemark
9ififSCONJ_11 shoutmark
10youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs11 shoutnsubj
11shoutshoutVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin18 moveadvcl
12atatADP_14 iguanacase
13anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art14 iguanadet
14iguanaiguanaNOUNNumber=Sing11 shoutobl
15hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs18 movensubj
16doesdoAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin18 moveaux
17notnotPARTPolarity=Neg18 moveadvmod
18movemoveVERBVerbForm=Inf7 sayccomp
19ororCCONJ_20 takecc
20taketakeVERBVerbForm=Inf18 moveconj
21anyanyDETPronType=Ind22 noticedet
22noticenoticeNOUNNumber=Sing20 takeobj
23,,PUNCT_34 Lookpunct
24butbutCCONJ_34 Lookcc
25ififSCONJ_27 pointmark
26youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs27 pointnsubj
27pointpointVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin34 Lookadvcl
28atatADP_29 himcase
29himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs27 pointobl
30andandCCONJ_31 whispercc
31whisperwhisperVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin27 pointconj
32,,PUNCT_27 pointpunct
33“"PUNCT_34 Lookpunct
34LooklookVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin7 sayconj
35,,PUNCT_37 ispunct
36theretherePRONPronType=Dem37 isexpl
37isbeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin34 Lookconj
38anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art39 iguanadet
39iguanaiguanaNOUNNumber=Sing37 isnsubj
40,,PUNCT_37 ispunct
41”"PUNCT_37 ispunct
42hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs44 runnsubj
43willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin44 runaux
44runrunVERBVerbForm=Inf34 Lookconj
45awayawayADV_44 runadvmod
46atatADP_47 oncecase
47onceonceADVNumForm=Word NumType=Mult44 runobl
48..PUNCT_7 saypunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertpresentthe 6 native huntersvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2shout speech: express a condition, not said to happenpresentyoua iguanavn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3not movepresent · do-supportwatervn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4takeinfinitivewater not said hereany noticevn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notice=Theme
5point a condition, not said to happenpresentyouat watervn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6whisper speech: assertpresentyou not said herevn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7look in a quoteinfinitivethe 6 native hunters not said herevn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
8be in a quotepresenta iguanatherevn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9run awayfutureiguanaaway propertyvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/29/25/