Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., sentence 30
[9] “’Nda” in the Infor and Inde languages means “elephantiasis.”
Who acts: 9 · What happens: mean · To what, where: elephantiasis
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (9), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 9 | punct |
| 2 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 means | nsubj |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 9 | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 ’ | punct |
| 5 | ’ | ' | X | _ | 2 9 | nmod |
| 6 | Nda | Nda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 ’ | goeswith |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 ’ | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 languages | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 languages | det |
| 10 | Infor | Infor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 languages | compound |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Inde | cc |
| 12 | Inde | Inde | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Infor | conj |
| 13 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ’ | nmod |
| 14 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 elephantiasis | punct |
| 16 | elephantiasis | elephantiasis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 means | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 elephantiasis | punct |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 elephantiasis | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | 9 ’ Nda in the Infor languages | elephantiasis | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephantiasis=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/29/30/