Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 12
When Awu found that she had given birth to twins she was very much ashamed of herself, and was afraid to take both the babies back to the town as they would be killed by the people, and she would be turned out of the town and left to starve in the bush.
Who acts: Awu, people · What happens: find, give, be, take, kill, turn out · To what, where: birth, twins, babies, town, Awu, bush · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Awu, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 found | advmod |
| 2 | Awu | Awu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 found | nsubj |
| 3 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 given | mark |
| 5 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 given | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 given | aux |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 found | ccomp |
| 8 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 given | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 twins | case |
| 10 | twins | twin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 given | obl |
| 11 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 ashamed | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ashamed | cop |
| 13 | very | very | ADV | _ | 14 much | advmod |
| 14 | much | much | ADV | _ | 15 ashamed | advmod |
| 15 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 given | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 herself | case |
| 17 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 15 ashamed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 afraid | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 afraid | cc |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 afraid | cop |
| 21 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 found | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 take | mark |
| 23 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 afraid | xcomp |
| 24 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 26 babies | cc:preconj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 babies | det |
| 26 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 take | obj |
| 27 | back | back | ADV | _ | 23 take | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 town | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 town | det |
| 30 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 take | obl |
| 31 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 killed | mark |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 killed | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 killed | aux:pass |
| 35 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 take | advcl |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 people | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 people | det |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 killed | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 turned | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 turned | cc |
| 41 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 turned | nsubj |
| 42 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 turned | aux |
| 43 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 44 turned | aux:pass |
| 44 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 found | parataxis |
| 45 | out | out | ADP | _ | 48 town | case |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 town | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 town | det |
| 48 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 turned | obl |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 left | cc |
| 50 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 turned | conj |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 starve | mark |
| 52 | starve | starve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 left | xcomp |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 bush | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 bush | det |
| 55 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 starve | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | Awu | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | give | past · perfect | Awu | birth | twins | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to twin=Recipient | |||
| 3 | is | past | Awu | of Awu; ashamed property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Awu not said here | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | take | to-infinitive | Awu not said here | the babies | the town | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent baby=Theme to town=Destination | |||
| 6 | kill | would · passive | the people | babies = baby | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 7 | turn out | would · passive | Awu | the town | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | leave | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 9 | starve | to-infinitive | the bush | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/12/