Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 33
The porcupine told her that, if she did this, directly the hawk heard that she was dead he would send Agbor to his dead mother’s side to mourn for her.
Who acts: porcupine, Awu, hawk · What happens: tell, do, hear, be, send, mourn · To what, where: Awu, this, Agbor, side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porcupine, Awu, hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 porcupine | det |
| 2 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 did | mark |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 that | punct |
| 7 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 did | mark |
| 8 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 did | nsubj |
| 9 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | advcl |
| 10 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 did | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 heard | punct |
| 12 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 15 heard | advmod |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 hawk | det |
| 14 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 heard | nsubj |
| 15 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 send | advcl |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 dead | mark |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 dead | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 dead | cop |
| 19 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 heard | advcl |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 send | nsubj |
| 21 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 send | aux |
| 22 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 told | parataxis |
| 23 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 send | obj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 side | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 mother | nmod:poss |
| 26 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 mother | amod |
| 27 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 side | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 mother | case |
| 29 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 send | obl |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 mourn | mark |
| 31 | mourn | mourn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 send | advcl |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 her | case |
| 33 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 mourn | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the porcupine | Awu | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | do a condition, not said to happen | past | Awu | this | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | hear | past | the hawk | directly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Awu | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | send | would | porcupine | Agbor | porcupine's dead mother's side | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent agbor=Theme to side=Destination | |||
| 6 | mourn | to-infinitive | porcupine not said here | for Awu | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for she=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/33/