Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 48
The next morning early the hawk started off with his basket of eggs, and left one egg in every house all round the country, until all the eggs in the basket were exhausted.
Who acts: hawk · What happens: start off, leave, exhaust · To what, where: one egg, house, eggs
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 morning | amod |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 started | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 started | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hawk | det |
| 6 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 started | nsubj |
| 7 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | off | off | ADP | _ | 7 started | compound:prt |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 basket | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 basket | nmod:poss |
| 11 | basket | basket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 started | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 eggs | case |
| 13 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 basket | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 left | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 left | cc |
| 16 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 started | conj |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 egg | nummod |
| 18 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 left | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 house | case |
| 20 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 house | det |
| 21 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 left | obl |
| 22 | all | all | ADV | _ | 25 country | advmod |
| 23 | round | round | ADP | _ | 25 country | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 country | det |
| 25 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 left | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 exhausted | punct |
| 27 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 35 exhausted | mark |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 eggs | det:predet |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 eggs | det |
| 30 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 exhausted | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 basket | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 basket | det |
| 33 | basket | basket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eggs | nmod |
| 34 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 exhausted | aux:pass |
| 35 | exhausted | exhaust | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 left | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start off | past | the hawk | morning | with HAWK's basket of eggs; early property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with basket=Subeventuality | |||
| 2 | leave | past | the hawk not said here | one egg | every house | round the country | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in house=Location | ||
| 3 | exhaust | past · passive | all eggs in the basket | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/48/