Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 110
Since that time the mushroom has refused to take pity on women who have no children, and he has never changed himself into a baby again.
Who acts: women, boy · What happens: refuse, not take, have, not change · To what, where: mushroom, pity, children, boy, baby
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (women, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 refused | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 mushroom | det |
| 5 | mushroom | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 refused | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 refused | aux |
| 7 | refused | refuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 take | mark |
| 9 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 refused | xcomp |
| 10 | pity | pity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 take | obj |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 women | case |
| 12 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 take | obl |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 have | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 women | acl:relcl |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 children | det |
| 16 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 changed | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 changed | cc |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 changed | nsubj |
| 20 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 changed | aux |
| 21 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 22 changed | advmod |
| 22 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 refused | conj |
| 23 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 22 changed | obj |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 26 baby | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 baby | det |
| 26 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 changed | obl |
| 27 | again | again | ADV | _ | 22 changed | advmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 refused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refuse | present · perfect · passive | the mushroom | time | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not take | to-infinitive | pity | on women | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pity=Theme on woman=Destination | ||||
| 3 | have | present | women | no children | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | ||||
| 4 | not change | present · perfect | boy | boy | again | into a baby result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into baby=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/110/