Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 15
The big wooden drum was then beaten, and when all the animals had come together the bush cat was put upon his defence.
Who acts: animals, cat · What happens: beat, come together, put, defend · To what, where: big wooden drum, bush cat, defence
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 drum | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 drum | amod |
| 3 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 drum | amod |
| 4 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 beaten | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 beaten | aux:pass |
| 6 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 beaten | advmod |
| 7 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 come | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 come | cc |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 come | advmod |
| 11 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 animals | det:predet |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 animals | det |
| 13 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 come | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 come | aux |
| 15 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 beaten | conj |
| 16 | together | together | ADV | _ | 15 come | advmod |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 cat | det |
| 18 | bush | bush | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 cat | amod |
| 19 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 put | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 put | aux:pass |
| 21 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 come | conj |
| 22 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 24 defence | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 defence | nmod:poss |
| 24 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 put | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 beaten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | past · passive | the big wooden drum | then | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | come together | past · perfect | all animals | together property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | put | past · passive | the bush cat | cat's defence | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme upon defence=Destination | ||||
| 4 | defend | cat | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/15/