Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 17
But the hare stood up as the accuser, and the people decided that the bush cat was guilty, and the king ordered him to be killed, and said that the meat was to be dried by Keroho and brought to him in the morning.
Who acts: hare, people, bush cat, king, Keroho · What happens: stand up, decide, be, order, kill, say · To what, where: cat, meat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, people, bush cat, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 stood | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hare | det |
| 3 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 stood | compound:prt |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 accuser | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 accuser | det |
| 8 | accuser | accuser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 decided | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 decided | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 people | det |
| 12 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 decided | nsubj |
| 13 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 guilty | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 cat | det |
| 16 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cat | compound |
| 17 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 guilty | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 guilty | cop |
| 19 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 decided | ccomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 ordered | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 ordered | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 king | det |
| 23 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 ordered | nsubj |
| 24 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | parataxis |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 ordered | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 killed | mark |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 killed | aux:pass |
| 28 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 ordered | xcomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 said | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 said | cc |
| 31 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | parataxis |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 dried | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 meat | det |
| 34 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 dried | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 dried | aux:pass |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 dried | mark |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 dried | aux:pass |
| 38 | dried | dry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 said | ccomp |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 Keroho | case |
| 40 | Keroho | Keroho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 dried | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 brought | cc |
| 42 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 said | conj |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 him | case |
| 44 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 brought | obl |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 morning | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 morning | det |
| 47 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 brought | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand up | past | the hare | as the accuser | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | decide | past | the people | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | the bush cat | guilty property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | order | past | the king | cat | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | the king not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | dry | past · passive | Keroho | the meat | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result | ||||
| 8 | bring | past | cat | morning | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to he=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/17/