Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 35
The bush cow, failing to produce the meat, was killed by the king’s order and his meat given to another animal to dry.
Who acts: order, king · What happens: fail, not produce, kill, give, dry, order · To what, where: meat, bush cow, animal
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (order, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cow | det |
| 2 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cow | compound |
| 3 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 failing | punct |
| 5 | failing | fail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 cow | conj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 produce | mark |
| 7 | produce | produce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 failing | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 meat | det |
| 9 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 produce | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cow | punct |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 killed | aux:pass |
| 12 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 order | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 king | det |
| 15 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 order | nmod:poss |
| 16 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 15 king | case |
| 17 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 killed | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 meat | cc |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 meat | nmod:poss |
| 20 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 order | conj |
| 21 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 meat | acl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 animal | case |
| 23 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 animal | det |
| 24 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 given | obl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 dry | mark |
| 26 | dry | dry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 given | advcl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 killed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fail | gerund | the king's order and hare's meat not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | not produce | to-infinitive | the king's order and hare's meat not said here | the meat | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Result | ||||
| 3 | kill | past · passive | the king's order and hare's meat | the bush cow | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | give | participle | hare's meat not said here | another animal | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to animal=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | dry | to-infinitive | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | order | the king | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/35/