Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 44
When he returned in the evening, he cut up the meat, saying as he did so: “Ah, there goes another poor animal.
Who acts: animal · What happens: return, cut up, say, do, go · To what, where: meat, poor animal · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 returned | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 returned | nsubj |
| 3 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cut | advcl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 evening | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 evening | det |
| 6 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 returned | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 returned | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 cut | nsubj |
| 9 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 cut | compound:prt |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 meat | det |
| 12 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cut | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 saying | punct |
| 14 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 cut | advcl |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 did | mark |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 did | nsubj |
| 17 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 saying | ccomp |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 did | advmod |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 goes | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 goes | punct |
| 21 | Ah | ah | INTJ | _ | 24 goes | discourse |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Ah | punct |
| 23 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 24 goes | expl |
| 24 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 cut | conj |
| 25 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 animal | det |
| 26 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 animal | amod |
| 27 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 goes | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | animal | evening | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cut up | past | animal | the meat | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Product | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | animal not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | do | past | animal | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | go in a quote | present | animal not said here | another poor animal | there | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location animal=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/44/