Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 50
He then called out softly, because he was afraid of waking the tortoise, “Let me go!
Who acts: tortoise · What happens: call out, be, wake, let, go · To what, where: tortoise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tortoise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 called | advmod |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 called | compound:prt |
| 5 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 3 called | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 afraid | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 afraid | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 afraid | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 afraid | cop |
| 10 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 called | parataxis |
| 11 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 12 waking | mark |
| 12 | waking | wake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 afraid | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 tortoise | det |
| 14 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 waking | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Let | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 Let | punct |
| 17 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 afraid | conj |
| 18 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 Let | obj |
| 19 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 Let | xcomp |
| 20 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call out speech: express | past | tortoise | then | softly property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | is | past | tortoise | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | wake | gerund | tortoise not said here | the tortoise | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tortoise=Patient | ||||
| 4 | let in a quote | infinitive | tortoise not said here | tortoise | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | go in a quote | infinitive | tortoise not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/50/