Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 55
Then the hare heard the tortoise murmur, “Yes, to-morrow I will discover that rat who is always stealing the king’s meat.”
Who acts: hare, rubber, rat · What happens: hear, discover, be · To what, where: tortoise murmur, rat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, rubber, rat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hare | det |
| 3 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 murmur | det |
| 6 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 murmur | compound |
| 7 | murmur | murmur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 discover | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 discover | punct |
| 10 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 17 discover | discourse |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 morrow | punct |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 morrow | case |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 to | punct |
| 14 | morrow | morrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 discover | obl |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 discover | nsubj |
| 16 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 discover | aux |
| 17 | discover | discover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 heard | ccomp |
| 18 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 rat | det |
| 19 | rat | rat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 discover | obj |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 stealing | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 stealing | cop |
| 22 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 23 stealing | advmod |
| 23 | stealing | steal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 rat | parataxis |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 king | det |
| 25 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 meat | nmod:poss |
| 26 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 25 king | case |
| 27 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 stealing | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 discover | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the hare | the tortoise murmur | then | tree rules | |||
| 2 | discover in a quote | future | rubber | that rat | to morrow | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Topic | |||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | that rat | the king's meat obj; always, steal property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/55/