Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 59
In the middle of the discussion, the tortoise appeared carrying the meat with the hare on top.
Who acts: tortoise · What happens: appear, carry · To what, where: middle, meat, top
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tortoise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 middle | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 middle | det |
| 3 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 appeared | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 discussion | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 discussion | det |
| 6 | discussion | discussion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 middle | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 middle | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 tortoise | det |
| 9 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 appeared | nsubj |
| 10 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | carrying | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 appeared | xcomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 meat | det |
| 13 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 carrying | obj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 hare | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 hare | det |
| 16 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 carrying | obl |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 top | case |
| 18 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 carrying | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | the tortoise | the middle of the discussion | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | carry | gerund | the tortoise not said here | the meat | top | with the hare | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/59/