Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 63
He then ran home and got his mother and sister to come with him at once to the foot of a big cotton tree, and, having got a rope round the lowest branch, he very soon got to the top of the tree, where he built a small hut for himself and his people.
Who acts: hare, having · What happens: run, get, come, have, build · To what, where: mother, foot, rope, small hut
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, having), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 ran | advmod |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | home | home | ADV | _ | 3 ran | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 got | cc |
| 6 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 mother | nmod:poss |
| 8 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 got | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sister | cc |
| 10 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 mother | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 come | mark |
| 12 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 got | advcl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 him | case |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 come | obl |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 once | case |
| 16 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 12 come | obl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 foot | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 foot | det |
| 19 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 come | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 tree | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 tree | det |
| 22 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 tree | amod |
| 23 | cotton | cotton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 tree | compound |
| 24 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 foot | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 got | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 got | cc |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 having | punct |
| 28 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 got | csubj |
| 29 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 rope | det |
| 31 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 got | obj |
| 32 | round | round | ADP | _ | 35 branch | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 branch | det |
| 34 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 branch | amod |
| 35 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 got | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 got | punct |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 got | nsubj |
| 38 | very | very | ADV | _ | 39 soon | advmod |
| 39 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 40 got | advmod |
| 40 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 ran | parataxis |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 top | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 top | det |
| 43 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 got | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 tree | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 tree | det |
| 46 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 top | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 built | punct |
| 48 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 50 built | advmod |
| 49 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 built | nsubj |
| 50 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 tree | conj |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 hut | det |
| 52 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 hut | amod |
| 53 | hut | hut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 built | obj |
| 54 | for | for | ADP | _ | 55 himself | case |
| 55 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 50 built | obl |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 people | cc |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 people | nmod:poss |
| 58 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 himself | conj |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | hare | then | home property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | get | past | hare not said here | hare's mother and sister | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mother=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | come | to-infinitive | hare not said here | the foot of a big cotton tree | with hare | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to foot=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | have | gerund | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | get | past | having | a rope | round the lowest branch | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rope=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | get | participle | hare | to the top of the tree result; soon property | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to top=Result | ||||
| 7 | build | past | hare | a small hut | for hare | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent hut=Material for himself=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/63/