Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 65
He put them in the hut at the top of the tree, and sat down himself next to the rope with a sharp knife in his hand.
Who acts: hare · What happens: put, sit down · To what, where: mother, hut, hare
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 put | nsubj |
| 2 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 put | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 hut | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hut | det |
| 6 | hut | hut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obl |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 top | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 top | det |
| 9 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 tree | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tree | det |
| 12 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 top | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sat | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 sat | cc |
| 15 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | conj |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 sat | compound:prt |
| 17 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 15 sat | obl |
| 18 | next | next | ADV | _ | 15 sat | advmod |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 rope | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 rope | det |
| 21 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sat | obl |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 knife | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 knife | det |
| 24 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 knife | amod |
| 25 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sat | obl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 hand | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 hand | nmod:poss |
| 28 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 knife | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | past | hare | mother | the hut | at the top of the tree | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in hut=Destination | ||
| 2 | sit down | past | hare not said here | hare | to the rope; with a sharp knife in hare's hand; next property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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