Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 24
This caused them to bear fruit which resembled a woman’s head in shape and size, and even at the present time the young palm trees have bunches of fruit which look like a woman’s head with the plaits of hair all round.
Who acts: This, trees, fruit, young palm trees, bunches · What happens: cause, bear, resemble, have, look · To what, where: trees, fruit, head, shape, bunches
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, trees, fruit, young palm trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 caused | nsubj |
| 2 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 caused | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 bear | mark |
| 5 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 caused | xcomp |
| 6 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bear | obj |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 resembled | nsubj |
| 8 | resembled | resemble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 fruit | acl:relcl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 woman | det |
| 10 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 head | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 woman | case |
| 12 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 resembled | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 shape | case |
| 14 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 resembled | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 size | cc |
| 16 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 shape | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 have | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 have | cc |
| 19 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 have | advmod |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 time | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 time | det |
| 22 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 time | compound |
| 23 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 have | obl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 trees | det |
| 25 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 trees | amod |
| 26 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 trees | compound |
| 27 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 have | nsubj |
| 28 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 caused | conj |
| 29 | bunches | bunch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 have | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 fruit | case |
| 31 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 bunches | nmod |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 look | nsubj |
| 33 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 bunches | acl:relcl |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 head | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 woman | det |
| 36 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 head | nmod:poss |
| 37 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 36 woman | case |
| 38 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 look | obl |
| 39 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 plaits | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 plaits | det |
| 41 | plaits | plait | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 look | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 hair | case |
| 43 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 plaits | nmod |
| 44 | all | all | ADV | _ | 45 round | advmod |
| 45 | round | round | ADV | _ | 33 look | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | This | trees = tree | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bear | to-infinitive | trees = tree not said here | fruit | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient | ||||
| 3 | resemble | past | fruit | a woman's head | shape and size | tree rules | |||
| 4 | have | present | the young palm trees | bunches of fruit | time | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bunch=Patient | |||
| 5 | look | present | bunches of fruit | like a woman's head; with the plaits of hair; round property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/24/