Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 31
A few years after they had built their compound, the two adjoining countries, Inde and Akparabong, made war against the Inkum, but Chief Indoma, who was skilled in warfare, led his people so well and wisely that both countries were driven back, and they have occupied the land ever since.
Who acts: Chief, people · What happens: build, adjoin, make, skill, lead, drive back · To what, where: few years, war, Chief, warfare, people, countries
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 years | det |
| 2 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 built | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 7 built | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 built | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 built | aux |
| 7 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 compound | nmod:poss |
| 9 | compound | compound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 built | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 countries | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 countries | det |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 countries | nummod |
| 13 | adjoining | adjoin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 countries | amod |
| 14 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 compound | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Inde | punct |
| 16 | Inde | Inde | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 countries | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 Akparabong | cc |
| 18 | Akparabong | Akparabong | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Inde | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 made | punct |
| 20 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 compound | parataxis |
| 21 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 made | obj |
| 22 | against | against | ADP | _ | 24 Inkum | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Inkum | det |
| 24 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 war | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 led | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 led | cc |
| 27 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 led | nsubj |
| 28 | Indoma | Indoma | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Chief | flat |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 skilled | punct |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 skilled | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 skilled | aux:pass |
| 32 | skilled | skill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 Chief | acl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 warfare | case |
| 34 | warfare | warfare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 skilled | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 Chief | punct |
| 36 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 made | conj |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 people | nmod:poss |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 led | obj |
| 39 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 well | advmod |
| 40 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 36 led | advmod |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 wisely | cc |
| 42 | wisely | wisely | ADV | _ | 40 well | conj |
| 43 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 driven | mark |
| 44 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 countries | det |
| 45 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 driven | nsubj |
| 46 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 driven | aux:pass |
| 47 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 led | advcl |
| 48 | back | back | ADV | _ | 47 driven | advmod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 occupied | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 occupied | cc |
| 51 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 occupied | nsubj |
| 52 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 occupied | aux |
| 53 | occupied | occupy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 made | conj |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 land | det |
| 55 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 occupied | obj |
| 56 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 57 since | advmod |
| 57 | since | since | ADV | _ | 53 occupied | advmod |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past · perfect · passive | a few years | people nsubj:pass; people's compound the two adjoining countries Inde and Akparabong obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary compound=Product | ||||
| 2 | adjoin | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | make | past | war | against the Inkum | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset war=Product | ||||
| 4 | skill | past · passive | Chief | warfare | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | lead | past | Chief | Chief's people | well property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | |||
| 6 | drive back | past · passive | both countries | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Trajectory | |||||
| 7 | occupy | present · perfect | people | the land | ever | since property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus land=Experiencer | ||
| 8 | compound | people | nom compound «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/31/