Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 59
Having placed the calabash some little distance off, Akoba said that anyone who wanted to marry her must hit the calabash with a small stone.
Who acts: Akoba, anyone · What happens: have off, place, say, want, marry, hit · To what, where: placed calabash, Akoba, calabash · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Akoba, anyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 said | advcl |
| 2 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 calabash | amod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 calabash | det |
| 4 | calabash | calabash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Having | obj |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 distance | det |
| 6 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 distance | amod |
| 7 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Having | obj |
| 8 | off | off | ADP | _ | 1 Having | compound:prt |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Having | punct |
| 10 | Akoba | Akoba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 hit | mark |
| 13 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 20 hit | nsubj |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 wanted | nsubj |
| 15 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 anyone | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 marry | mark |
| 17 | marry | marry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 wanted | xcomp |
| 18 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 marry | obj |
| 19 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 hit | aux |
| 20 | hit | hit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 said | ccomp |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 calabash | det |
| 22 | calabash | calabash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hit | obj |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 stone | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 stone | det |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 stone | amod |
| 26 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hit | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have off | gerund | Akoba not said here | the placed calabash | some little distance obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | place | participle | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Akoba | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | want | past | who nsubj | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | marry not said to happen | to-infinitive | Akoba | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient | |||||
| 6 | hit | must | anyone | the calabash | with a small stone | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent calabash=Patient with stone=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/59/