Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 7
This went on for some time, until one day Oga took the food which was not sufficient for her to her mother’s grave, and sat there crying and calling for her mother until the evening came, when she went home.
Who acts: This, one day, food, evening, Oga · What happens: go on, take, not be, sit, cry, call · To what, where: food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, one day, food, evening), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 went | nsubj |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 2 went | compound:prt |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 time | case |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 time | det |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 went | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 took | punct |
| 8 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 12 took | mark |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 day | nummod |
| 10 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 took | nsubj |
| 11 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 day | appos |
| 12 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 went | parataxis |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 food | det |
| 14 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 took | obj |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 sufficient | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 sufficient | cop |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 sufficient | advmod |
| 18 | sufficient | sufficient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 food | acl:relcl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 her | case |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 sufficient | obl |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 grave | case |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 mother | nmod:poss |
| 23 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 grave | nmod:poss |
| 24 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 23 mother | case |
| 25 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sufficient | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sat | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 sat | cc |
| 28 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 took | conj |
| 29 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 28 sat | advmod |
| 30 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 sat | advcl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 calling | cc |
| 32 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 crying | conj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 mother | case |
| 34 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 mother | nmod:poss |
| 35 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 calling | obl |
| 36 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 39 came | mark |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 evening | det |
| 38 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 came | nsubj |
| 39 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 calling | advcl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 went | punct |
| 41 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 43 went | advmod |
| 42 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 went | nsubj |
| 43 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 sat | conj |
| 44 | home | home | ADV | _ | 43 went | advmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go on | past | This | time | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | take | past | one day | the food | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not is | past | the food | for Oga; to Oga's mother's grave; sufficient property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | sit | past | one day not said here | there | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | cry speech: express | gerund | one day not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | call | gerund | one day not said here | for Oga's mother | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for mother=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | come | past | the evening | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | go | past | Oga | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/7/