Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 77
So the chief called a bird to him and sent it off with a message to his hunting dogs to come and rescue him.
Who acts: chief · What happens: call, send off, come, rescue · To what, where: bird, Chief, hunting dogs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 10 sent | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sent | nsubj |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 chief | acl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 bird | det |
| 6 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 bird | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sent | cc |
| 10 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 sent | obj |
| 12 | off | off | ADP | _ | 10 sent | compound:prt |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 message | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 message | det |
| 15 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sent | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 dogs | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 dogs | nmod:poss |
| 18 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 dogs | compound |
| 19 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 sent | obl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 come | mark |
| 21 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 sent | advcl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 rescue | cc |
| 23 | rescue | rescue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 come | conj |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 rescue | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | the chief not said here | a bird | Chief | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Topic to he=Recipient | |||
| 2 | send off | past | the chief | bird | Chief's hunting dogs | with a message | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to dog=Destination | ||
| 3 | come | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | rescue | infinitive | the chief not said here | Chief | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/77/