Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 80
When they reached the foot of the tree the Chief told them to kill the woman, so they all leaped on her, and bit her until she died.
Who acts: DOGS, Chief, tree, WITCH · What happens: reach, tell, kill, leap, bite, die · To what, where: foot, tree, DOGS, woman, WITCH · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (DOGS, Chief, tree, WITCH), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 reached | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 bit | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 foot | det |
| 5 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 tree | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 tree | det |
| 8 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 foot | nmod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Chief | det |
| 10 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 told | nsubj |
| 11 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 tree | acl:relcl |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 told | iobj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 kill | mark |
| 14 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 told | xcomp |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 woman | det |
| 16 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kill | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 leaped | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 leaped | advmod |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 leaped | nsubj |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 they | det |
| 21 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 reached | conj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 her | case |
| 23 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 leaped | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 bit | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 bit | cc |
| 26 | bit | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 bit | obj |
| 28 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 30 died | mark |
| 29 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 died | nsubj |
| 30 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 bit | advcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 bit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | DOGS = dog | the foot of the tree | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent foot=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | the Chief | the tree not said here | DOGS = dog | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive | the tree not said here | the woman | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leap | participle | DOGS = dog | on WITCH | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on she=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | bite | past | WITCH | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient | |||||
| 6 | die | past | WITCH | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/80/