Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 112
Mossim was then handed over to the young men who had rescued Ewa Abagi, and they took her to the place where she had pushed her mistress into the river, and, having cut her head off, threw the head and body into the river.
Who acts: MEN, Mossim · What happens: hand over, rescue, take, push, have, throw · To what, where: Mossim, young men, EWA, place, mistress, river
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (MEN, Mossim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mossim | Mossim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 handed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 handed | aux:pass |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 handed | advmod |
| 4 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADP | _ | 4 handed | compound:prt |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 men | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 men | det |
| 8 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 men | amod |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 handed | obl |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 rescued | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 rescued | aux |
| 12 | rescued | rescue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 men | acl:relcl |
| 13 | Ewa | Ewa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 rescued | obj |
| 14 | Abagi | Abagi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Ewa | flat |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 took | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 took | cc |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 took | nsubj |
| 18 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 handed | conj |
| 19 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 took | obj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 place | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 place | det |
| 22 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 took | obl |
| 23 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 26 pushed | advmod |
| 24 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 pushed | nsubj |
| 25 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 pushed | aux |
| 26 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 place | acl:relcl |
| 27 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 mistress | nmod:poss |
| 28 | mistress | mistress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 pushed | obj |
| 29 | into | into | ADP | _ | 31 river | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 river | det |
| 31 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 pushed | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 having | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 having | cc |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 having | punct |
| 35 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 took | advcl |
| 36 | cut | cut | ADP | _ | 38 head | case |
| 37 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 head | nmod:poss |
| 38 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 having | obl |
| 39 | off | off | ADV | _ | 35 having | advmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 threw | punct |
| 41 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 took | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 head | det |
| 43 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 threw | obj |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 body | cc |
| 45 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 head | conj |
| 46 | into | into | ADP | _ | 48 river | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 river | det |
| 48 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 threw | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 handed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand over | past · passive | Mossim | the young men | then | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to man=Destination | |||
| 2 | rescue | past · perfect · passive | the young men | Ewa obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | past | MEN = man | EWA | the place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to place=Destination | |||
| 4 | push | past · perfect | Mossim | Mossim's mistress | the river | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mistress=Theme into river=Destination | |||
| 5 | have | gerund | MEN = man not said here | cut Mossim's head; off property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | throw | past | MEN = man not said here | the head and body | into the river result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer head=Theme into river=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/112/