Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 119
Some years ago a road was being made through an old compound which had tumbled down and disappeared, leaving no trace of any human habitation.
What happens: make, tumble down, disappear, leave · To what, where: road, old compound, trace
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 years | det |
| 2 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 made | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 2 years | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 road | det |
| 5 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | aux:pass |
| 7 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 made | aux:pass |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | through | through | ADP | _ | 12 compound | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 compound | det |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 compound | amod |
| 12 | compound | compound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obl |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 tumbled | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 tumbled | aux |
| 15 | tumbled | tumble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 compound | acl:relcl |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 tumbled | compound:prt |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 disappeared | cc |
| 18 | disappeared | disappear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 tumbled | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 leaving | punct |
| 20 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 disappeared | advcl |
| 21 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 22 trace | det |
| 22 | trace | trace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 leaving | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 habitation | case |
| 24 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 habitation | det |
| 25 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 habitation | amod |
| 26 | habitation | habitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 trace | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · passive | a road | a old compound | year | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||
| 2 | tumble down | past · perfect · passive | a old compound | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | disappear | past | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | leave | gerund | no trace of any human habitation | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trace=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/119/