Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 22
All the people were called together to dance and play, guns were fired off in the town, and Chief Tawn killed four more cows for the strangers who had come from a distance.
Who acts: Chief, strangers · What happens: call together, dance, play, fire off, kill, come · To what, where: people, guns, town, four more cows
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, strangers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 people | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 called | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | aux:pass |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | together | together | ADV | _ | 5 called | advmod |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 dance | mark |
| 8 | dance | dance | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 called | xcomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 play | cc |
| 10 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 dance | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 fired | punct |
| 12 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 fired | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 fired | aux:pass |
| 14 | fired | fire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 called | conj |
| 15 | off | off | ADP | _ | 14 fired | compound:prt |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 town | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 town | det |
| 18 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fired | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 killed | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 killed | cc |
| 21 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 killed | nsubj |
| 22 | Tawn | Tawn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Chief | flat |
| 23 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | conj |
| 24 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 cows | nummod |
| 25 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 26 cows | amod |
| 26 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 killed | obj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 strangers | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 strangers | det |
| 29 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 killed | obl |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 come | nsubj |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 come | aux |
| 32 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 strangers | acl:relcl |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 distance | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 distance | det |
| 35 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 come | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call together speech: assert | past · passive | all people | together property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | dance | to-infinitive | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | play | infinitive | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | fire off | past · passive | guns | the town | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme in town=Destination | ||||
| 5 | kill | past | Chief | four more cows | for the strangers | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme | |||
| 6 | come | past · perfect | the strangers | from a distance | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from distance=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/22/