Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 44
The spider was amazed at this, and thought there must be some ju-ju in it, so he put the yam down and ran out of the house, shouting as he went, “All right, Dabi, I only thought I would like to taste the food to see that it was good.”
Who acts: spider, ju ju, ju, I, food · What happens: be, think, put down, run, shout, go · To what, where: this, yam, house, food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spider, ju ju, ju, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 spider | det |
| 2 | spider | spider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 amazed | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 amazed | cop |
| 4 | amazed | amazed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 this | case |
| 6 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 amazed | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 thought | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 thought | cc |
| 9 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 amazed | conj |
| 10 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 12 be | expl |
| 11 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 be | aux |
| 12 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 thought | ccomp |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 ju | det |
| 14 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ju | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 ju | punct |
| 16 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 be | nsubj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 it | case |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 ju | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 put | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 put | advmod |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 put | nsubj |
| 22 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 amazed | parataxis |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 yam | det |
| 24 | yam | yam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 put | obj |
| 25 | down | down | ADP | _ | 22 put | compound:prt |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 ran | cc |
| 27 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 put | conj |
| 28 | out | out | ADP | _ | 31 house | case |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 house | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 house | det |
| 31 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 ran | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 shouting | punct |
| 33 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 ran | advcl |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 went | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 went | nsubj |
| 36 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 shouting | ccomp |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 right | punct |
| 38 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 right | punct |
| 39 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 right | det |
| 40 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 went | xcomp |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Dabi | punct |
| 42 | Dabi | Dabi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 right | vocative |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 thought | punct |
| 44 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 thought | nsubj |
| 45 | only | only | ADV | _ | 46 thought | advmod |
| 46 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 amazed | parataxis |
| 47 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 like | nsubj |
| 48 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 49 like | aux |
| 49 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 thought | ccomp |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 taste | mark |
| 51 | taste | taste | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 49 like | xcomp |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 food | det |
| 53 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 taste | obj |
| 54 | to | to | PART | _ | 55 see | mark |
| 55 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 taste | advcl |
| 56 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 59 good | mark |
| 57 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 good | nsubj |
| 58 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 good | cop |
| 59 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 see | ccomp |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 amazed | punct |
| 61 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 amazed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the spider | this | amazed property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | the spider not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | be | must | some ju ju in piece | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | put down | past | ju | the yam | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent yam=Goal | ||||
| 5 | run | past | ju not said here | the house | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out house=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | shout speech: express | gerund | ju not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | go | past | ju | right property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | think speech: other in a quote | past | I | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 9 | like in a quote | would | I | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 10 | taste not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | I not said here | the food | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme food=Attribute | ||||
| 11 | see in a quote | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 12 | is in a quote | past | food | good property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/44/