Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 56
Although the grasshopper knew quite well what had happened, he did not say anything, but walked on again in front with his dog as he had done before.
Who acts: grasshopper · What happens: know, happen, not say, walk on, do · To what, where: anything, front · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grasshopper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Although | although | SCONJ | _ | 4 knew | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 grasshopper | det |
| 3 | grasshopper | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 knew | nsubj |
| 4 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 say | advcl |
| 5 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 6 well | advmod |
| 6 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 what | advmod |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 happened | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 happened | aux |
| 9 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 knew | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 knew | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 say | nsubj |
| 12 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 say | aux |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 say | advmod |
| 14 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 15 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 14 say | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 walked | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 walked | cc |
| 18 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 say | parataxis |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 walked | compound:prt |
| 20 | again | again | ADV | _ | 18 walked | advmod |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 front | case |
| 22 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 walked | obl |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 dog | case |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 dog | nmod:poss |
| 25 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 front | nmod |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 done | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 done | nsubj |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 done | aux |
| 29 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 walked | advcl |
| 30 | before | before | ADV | _ | 29 done | advmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | the grasshopper | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | happen | past · perfect | what nsubj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not say speech: assert | past · do-support | grasshopper | anything | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic | ||||
| 4 | walk on | past | front with grasshopper's dog | again | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in front=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | do | past · perfect | grasshopper | before property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/56/