Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 67
A native from Cavally on the Kroo Coast affirms that he first told this story which was afterwards related to me, and this boy certainly gave me afterwards the main features of the story, but with a different local colouring.
Who acts: native Cavally, Cavally, story, boy · What happens: affirm, tell, be, give, feature · To what, where: story, me, main features · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (native Cavally, Cavally, story, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 Cavally | det |
| 2 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Cavally | amod |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 Cavally | case |
| 4 | Cavally | Cavally | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 affirms | nsubj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 Coast | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Coast | det |
| 7 | Kroo | Kroo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Coast | compound |
| 8 | Coast | Coast | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Cavally | nmod |
| 9 | affirms | affirm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 told | mark |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 told | nsubj |
| 12 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 told | advmod |
| 13 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 affirms | ccomp |
| 14 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 story | det |
| 15 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 told | obj |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 related | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 related | cop |
| 18 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 19 related | advmod |
| 19 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 story | acl:relcl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 me | case |
| 21 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 related | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 gave | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 gave | cc |
| 24 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 boy | det |
| 25 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 gave | nsubj |
| 26 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 27 gave | advmod |
| 27 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 told | conj |
| 28 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 gave | iobj |
| 29 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 27 gave | advmod |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 features | det |
| 31 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 features | amod |
| 32 | features | feature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 gave | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 story | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 story | det |
| 35 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 features | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 colouring | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 colouring | cc |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 42 colouring | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 colouring | det |
| 40 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 colouring | amod |
| 41 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 colouring | amod |
| 42 | colouring | colouring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 affirms | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 affirms | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | affirm | present | a native Cavally on the Kroo Coast | with a different local colouring | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | Cavally | this story | first property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient | |||
| 3 | is | past | this story | me | afterwards, related property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | give | past | this boy | the main features of the story | me | afterwards, certainly property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient feature=Theme | ||
| 5 | feature | the story | nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/67/