Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 81
When the little girl, whose name was Essere, saw that her mother had gone, she began to cry, but Mossim said, “Do not cry.
Who acts: name, little girl, mother, Mossim, Essere · What happens: be, see, go, begin, cry, say · To what, where: Essere · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, little girl, mother, Mossim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 girl | det |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 girl | amod |
| 4 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Essere | punct |
| 6 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 7 name | nmod:poss |
| 7 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Essere | nsubj |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Essere | cop |
| 9 | Essere | Essere | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 girl | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saw | punct |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 began | advcl |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 gone | mark |
| 13 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 mother | nmod:poss |
| 14 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 gone | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 gone | aux |
| 16 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 saw | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saw | punct |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 began | nsubj |
| 19 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 cry | mark |
| 21 | cry | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 began | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 said | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 said | cc |
| 24 | Mossim | Mossim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 said | nsubj |
| 25 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 began | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 cry | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 cry | punct |
| 28 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 30 cry | aux |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 cry | advmod |
| 30 | cry | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 said | ccomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Essere's name | Essere | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | past | the little girl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | go | past · perfect | girl's mother | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | begin | past | mother | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | cry speech: express | to-infinitive | mother not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | Mossim | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | not cry speech: express in a quote | infinitive · do-support | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | name | Essere | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/81/