Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 129
Omegha then went down to the beach with the porcupine, and, when they arrived at the water’s edge, the porcupine, who was a very good swimmer, at once dived into the river and swam to the water ju-ju’s house.
Who acts: Omegha, sons, edge · What happens: go down, arrive, be, dive, swim · To what, where: edge, good swimmer, river, water
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Omegha, sons, edge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omegha | Omegha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 went | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 went | advmod |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 beach | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 beach | det |
| 7 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 porcupine | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 porcupine | det |
| 10 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 beach | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 arrived | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 arrived | cc |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 arrived | punct |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 arrived | advmod |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 arrived | nsubj |
| 16 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | parataxis |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 edge | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 water | det |
| 19 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 edge | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 19 water | case |
| 21 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 arrived | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 porcupine | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 porcupine | det |
| 24 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 edge | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 swimmer | punct |
| 26 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 swimmer | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 swimmer | cop |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 swimmer | det |
| 29 | very | very | ADV | _ | 30 good | advmod |
| 30 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 swimmer | amod |
| 31 | swimmer | swimmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 edge | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 dived | punct |
| 33 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 35 dived | mark |
| 34 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 35 dived | advmod |
| 35 | dived | dive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 arrived | conj |
| 36 | into | into | ADP | _ | 38 river | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 river | det |
| 38 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dived | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 swam | cc |
| 40 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 water | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 water | det |
| 43 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 swam | obl |
| 44 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 house | nmod:poss |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 ju | punct |
| 46 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 ju | flat |
| 47 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 44 ju | case |
| 48 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 water | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go down | past | Omegha | then | to the beach with the porcupine; down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||
| 2 | arrive | past | sons = son | the water's edge and the porcupine and a good swimmer | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | the water's edge and the porcupine and a good swimmer | a good swimmer | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | dive | participle | sons = son not said here | the river | once property | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into river=Location | |||
| 5 | swim | past | Omegha not said here | the water ju's house | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to water=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/129/