Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 132
He then said that he had no objection to returning Ogor to his mother, and that the porcupine might take him away when he departed, but he insisted that the boys who had thrown Ogor into the river should be punished, and told the porcupine to tell the chiefs of the town that, if they did not punish the boys very severely, he would seize everyone who came into the river and keep them in his house for all time.
Who acts: water, porcupine, boys · What happens: say, have, return, take away, depart, insist · To what, where: objection, Ogor, mother, water, boys, river · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, porcupine, boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 said | advmod |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 had | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 had | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 objection | det |
| 8 | objection | objection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 had | obj |
| 9 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 10 returning | mark |
| 10 | returning | return | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 objection | acl |
| 11 | Ogor | Ogor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 returning | obj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 mother | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 mother | nmod:poss |
| 14 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 returning | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 take | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 take | cc |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 take | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 porcupine | det |
| 19 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 take | nsubj |
| 20 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 take | aux |
| 21 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | ccomp |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 take | obj |
| 23 | away | away | ADV | _ | 21 take | advmod |
| 24 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 departed | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 departed | nsubj |
| 26 | departed | depart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 take | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 insisted | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 insisted | cc |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 insisted | nsubj |
| 30 | insisted | insist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 punished | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 boys | det |
| 33 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 punished | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 thrown | aux |
| 36 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 boys | acl:relcl |
| 37 | Ogor | Ogor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 thrown | obj |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 river | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 river | det |
| 40 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 thrown | obl |
| 41 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 punished | aux |
| 42 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 43 punished | aux:pass |
| 43 | punished | punish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 insisted | advcl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 told | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 told | cc |
| 46 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 porcupine | det |
| 48 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 told | obj |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 tell | mark |
| 50 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 told | xcomp |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 chiefs | det |
| 52 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 tell | obj |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 town | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 town | det |
| 55 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 chiefs | nmod |
| 56 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 tell | ccomp |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 punish | punct |
| 58 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 62 punish | mark |
| 59 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 punish | nsubj |
| 60 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 punish | aux |
| 61 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 62 punish | advmod |
| 62 | punish | punish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 tell | conj |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 boys | det |
| 64 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 punish | obj |
| 65 | very | very | ADV | _ | 66 severely | advmod |
| 66 | severely | severely | ADV | _ | 62 punish | advmod |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 seize | punct |
| 68 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 seize | nsubj |
| 69 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 70 seize | aux |
| 70 | seize | seize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 told | conj |
| 71 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 70 seize | obj |
| 72 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 73 came | nsubj |
| 73 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 71 everyone | acl:relcl |
| 74 | into | into | ADP | _ | 76 river | case |
| 75 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 76 river | det |
| 76 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 came | obl |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 78 keep | cc |
| 78 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 70 seize | conj |
| 79 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 78 keep | obj |
| 80 | in | in | ADP | _ | 82 house | case |
| 81 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 82 house | nmod:poss |
| 82 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 keep | obl |
| 83 | for | for | ADP | _ | 85 time | case |
| 84 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 85 time | det |
| 85 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 keep | obl |
| 86 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | water | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | have | past | water | no objection | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent objection=Patient | ||||
| 3 | return | gerund | water not said here | Ogor | water's mother | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ogor=Theme to mother=Destination | |||
| 4 | take away | might | the porcupine | water | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 5 | depart | past | water | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | insist speech: other | past | water | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | throw | past · perfect · passive | the boys | the river | Ogor obj | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination ogor=Theme | |||
| 8 | punish | should · passive | the boys | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 9 | tell speech: assert | past | water not said here | the porcupine | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent porcupine=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 10 | tell speech: assert not said to happen | to-infinitive | water not said here | the chiefs of the town | that ccomp | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent chief=Recipient | |||
| 11 | not punish a condition, not said to happen | past · do-support | boys = boy | the boys | severely property | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Patient | |||
| 12 | seize | would | water | everyone | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Theme | ||||
| 13 | come | past | the river | who nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into river=Initial_Location | ||||
| 14 | keep | infinitive | water not said here | boys = boy | water's house | time | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme in house=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/132/