Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 152
The water ju-ju said the head chief had done quite right to kill the seven boys, as, had he not done so, he would have made the people suffer very much.
Who acts: water, head chief, Chief, people · What happens: say, do, kill, have, not do, make · To what, where: seven boys · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, head chief, Chief, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 water | det |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | nsubj |
| 3 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 water | appos |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 ju | punct |
| 5 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ju | flat |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 chief | det |
| 8 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chief | compound |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 done | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 done | aux |
| 11 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 said | ccomp |
| 12 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 13 right | advmod |
| 13 | right | right | ADV | _ | 11 done | advmod |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 kill | mark |
| 15 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 right | advcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 boys | det |
| 17 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 boys | nummod |
| 18 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 kill | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 had | punct |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 had | mark |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 as | punct |
| 22 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | parataxis |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 done | nsubj |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 done | advmod |
| 25 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 had | xcomp |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 done | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 made | punct |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 made | nsubj |
| 29 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 made | aux |
| 30 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 made | aux |
| 31 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 had | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 people | det |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 suffer | nsubj |
| 34 | suffer | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 made | conj |
| 35 | very | very | ADV | _ | 36 much | advmod |
| 36 | much | much | ADV | _ | 34 suffer | advmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the water | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | do | past · perfect | the head chief | right property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | kill | to-infinitive | the head chief not said here | the seven boys | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | not do | participle | Chief | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | make | would · perfect | Chief | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | suffer | present | the people | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/152/