Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 155
When Chief Eka heard the threat of the water ju-ju he at once gave orders to all his people that none of them were to go into the river, but, that, if they wanted to wash, they must carry the water to their houses for the purpose.
Who acts: Chief, water, none, orders, that · What happens: hear, give, go, want, wash, carry · To what, where: threat, orders, people, river, that, water
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, water, none, orders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | Eka | Eka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Chief | flat |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 threat | det |
| 6 | threat | threat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 ju | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ju | det |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ju | nsubj |
| 10 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ju | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 ju | punct |
| 12 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 threat | nmod |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 gave | nsubj |
| 14 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 16 gave | mark |
| 15 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 16 gave | advmod |
| 16 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 ju | acl:relcl |
| 17 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 gave | obj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 people | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 people | det:predet |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 people | nmod:poss |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 gave | obl |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 go | mark |
| 23 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 28 go | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 them | case |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 none | nmod |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 go | aux |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 go | mark |
| 28 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 people | acl |
| 29 | into | into | ADP | _ | 31 river | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 river | det |
| 31 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 go | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 wanted | punct |
| 33 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 39 wanted | cc |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 that | punct |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 wanted | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 that | punct |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 39 wanted | mark |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 wanted | nsubj |
| 39 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 wash | mark |
| 41 | wash | wash | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 wanted | xcomp |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 carry | punct |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 carry | nsubj |
| 44 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 carry | aux |
| 45 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 wash | advcl |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 water | det |
| 47 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 carry | obj |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 houses | case |
| 49 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 houses | nmod:poss |
| 50 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 carry | obl |
| 51 | for | for | ADP | _ | 53 purpose | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 purpose | det |
| 53 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 carry | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Chief | the threat of the ju ju water | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer threat=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | give | past | water | orders | water's people | once property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent order=Theme to people=Recipient | ||
| 3 | go | past | none of people | the river | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into river=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | want a condition, not said to happen | past | orders = order | that | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | wash not said to happen | to-infinitive | that not said here | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | carry | must | orders = order | the water | orders's houses | for the purpose | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme to house=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/155/