Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 165
Two days afterwards, Chief Eka went down to the beach, where he saw the dead body of his son floating down the river, so he sent some men out in a canoe and they brought back the dead body and it was buried.
Who acts: Chief, son, sons · What happens: go down, see, float, send out, bring back, bury · To what, where: dead body, river, men, canoe, body
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, son, sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 days | nummod |
| 2 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 afterwards | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 7 went | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 afterwards | punct |
| 5 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 went | nsubj |
| 6 | Eka | Eka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Chief | flat |
| 7 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | down | down | ADV | _ | 7 went | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 beach | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 beach | det |
| 11 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 went | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 saw | punct |
| 13 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 saw | advmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 saw | nsubj |
| 15 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 beach | acl:relcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 body | det |
| 17 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 body | amod |
| 18 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 saw | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 son | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 son | nmod:poss |
| 21 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 body | nmod |
| 22 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 son | acl |
| 23 | down | down | ADP | _ | 25 river | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 river | det |
| 25 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 floating | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sent | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 sent | advmod |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 sent | nsubj |
| 29 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 30 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 men | det |
| 31 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 sent | obj |
| 32 | out | out | ADV | _ | 29 sent | advmod |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 canoe | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 canoe | det |
| 35 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 sent | obl |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 brought | cc |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 brought | nsubj |
| 38 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 39 | back | back | ADV | _ | 38 brought | advmod |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 body | det |
| 41 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 body | amod |
| 42 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 brought | obj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 buried | cc |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 buried | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 buried | aux:pass |
| 46 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 brought | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go down | past | Chief | to the beach; afterwards, down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | see | past | Chief | the dead body of Chief's son | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer body=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | float | gerund | Chief's son not said here | the river | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down river=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | send out | past | Chief | some men | a canoe | out property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent man=Theme in canoe=Destination | ||
| 5 | bring back | past | sons = son | the dead body | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent body=Theme | ||||
| 6 | bury | past · passive | body | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/165/