Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 21
Then, for four nights running, the same thing was done, and the boy who had been killed the previous night was divided up and eaten by the Inkum members of the society on the following day.
Who acts: four nights · What happens: run, do, kill, divide up, eat, follow · To what, where: same thing, boy
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (four nights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 done | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Then | punct |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 nights | case |
| 4 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 nights | nummod |
| 5 | nights | night | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 done | obl |
| 6 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 nights | acl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 nights | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 thing | det |
| 9 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 thing | amod |
| 10 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 done | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 done | aux:pass |
| 12 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 divided | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 divided | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 boy | det |
| 16 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 divided | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 killed | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 killed | aux:pass |
| 20 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 boy | acl:relcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 night | det |
| 22 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 night | amod |
| 23 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 killed | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 divided | aux:pass |
| 25 | divided | divide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 done | parataxis |
| 26 | up | up | ADP | _ | 25 divided | compound:prt |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 eaten | cc |
| 28 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 divided | conj |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 members | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 members | det |
| 31 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 members | compound |
| 32 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 eaten | obl:agent |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 society | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 society | det |
| 35 | society | society | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 members | nmod |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 day | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 day | det |
| 38 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 day | amod |
| 39 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 society | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 done | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | gerund | four nights not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | do | past · passive | the same thing | then; night | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | kill | past · perfect · passive | the boy | night | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | divide up | past · passive | the boy | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | eat | participle | the Inkum members of the society on the following day obl:agent | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/21/