Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 56
While the food was cooking, a big dance was being held, and one of the prisoners was placed on his back upon the ground in front of the ju-ju.
Who acts: food · What happens: cook, hold, place · To what, where: big dance, one, back
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 5 cooking | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 food | det |
| 3 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cooking | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 cooking | aux |
| 5 | cooking | cook | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 held | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 cooking | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 dance | det |
| 8 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 dance | amod |
| 9 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 held | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 held | aux:pass |
| 11 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 held | aux:pass |
| 12 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 placed | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 placed | cc |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 placed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 prisoners | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 prisoners | det |
| 18 | prisoners | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 one | nmod |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 placed | aux:pass |
| 20 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 held | conj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 back | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 back | nmod:poss |
| 23 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 placed | obl |
| 24 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 26 ground | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ground | det |
| 26 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 back | nmod |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 front | case |
| 28 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 placed | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 ju | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 ju | det |
| 31 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 ju | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 ju | punct |
| 33 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 front | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cook | past · progressive | the food | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | hold | past · passive | a big dance | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | place | past · passive | one of the prisoners | man's back upon the ground | in front of the ju ju | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on back=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/56/