Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 63
When he had been all round, he went into the open space in the middle of the compound, and the women came up to him with presents; some would present him with a fathom of cloth, but the poorer people would offer a few rods, yams, or some salt.
Who acts: man, women, some, poorer people · What happens: be, go, come up, present, offer · To what, where: open space, man, few rods
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, women, some, poorer people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 6 round | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 round | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 round | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 round | cop |
| 5 | all | all | ADV | _ | 6 round | advmod |
| 6 | round | round | ADV | _ | 9 went | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 round | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 went | nsubj |
| 9 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 space | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 space | det |
| 12 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 space | amod |
| 13 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 went | obl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 middle | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 middle | det |
| 16 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 space | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 compound | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 compound | det |
| 19 | compound | compound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 middle | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 came | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 came | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 women | det |
| 23 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 came | nsubj |
| 24 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 went | parataxis |
| 25 | up | up | ADV | _ | 24 came | advmod |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 him | case |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 came | obl |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 presents | case |
| 29 | presents | present | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 came | obl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 present | punct |
| 31 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 33 present | nsubj |
| 32 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 present | aux |
| 33 | present | present | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 came | conj |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 present | obj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 fathom | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 fathom | det |
| 37 | fathom | fathom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 present | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 cloth | case |
| 39 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 fathom | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 offer | punct |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 offer | cc |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 people | det |
| 43 | poorer | poor | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 44 people | amod |
| 44 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 offer | nsubj |
| 45 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 offer | aux |
| 46 | offer | offer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 went | conj |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 rods | det |
| 48 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 rods | amod |
| 49 | rods | rod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 offer | obj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 yams | punct |
| 51 | yams | yam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 rods | conj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 salt | punct |
| 53 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 55 salt | cc |
| 54 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 55 salt | det |
| 55 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 rods | conj |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past · perfect | man | all, round property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | past | man | the open space in the middle of the compound | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into space=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | come up | past | the women | man | with presents | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | present | would | some | man | with a fathom of cloth | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Recipient with fathom=Theme | |||
| 5 | offer | would | the poorer people | a few rods and yams or some salt | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent rod=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/63/