Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 83
In the early morning, Osode turned himself into the snake, and placed himself across the river with his tail on the Enfitop side and his head on the Inkum side, his back being out of water, so that the people could cross over in safety.
Who acts: Osode, back, people · What happens: turn, place, be, cross over · To what, where: Osode, river, water, safety
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Osode, back, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 morning | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 morning | det |
| 3 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 morning | amod |
| 4 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turned | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 morning | punct |
| 6 | Osode | Osode | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 turned | nsubj |
| 7 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 7 turned | obj |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 snake | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 snake | det |
| 11 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turned | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 placed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 placed | cc |
| 14 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 turned | conj |
| 15 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 14 placed | obj |
| 16 | across | across | ADP | _ | 18 river | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 river | det |
| 18 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 placed | obl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 tail | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 tail | nmod:poss |
| 21 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 placed | obl |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 side | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 side | det |
| 24 | Enfitop | Enfitop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 side | compound |
| 25 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 placed | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 head | cc |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 head | nmod:poss |
| 28 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 side | conj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 side | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 side | det |
| 31 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 side | compound |
| 32 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 head | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 back | punct |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 back | nmod:poss |
| 35 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 water | nsubj |
| 36 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 water | cop |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 39 water | case |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 water | case |
| 39 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 placed | parataxis |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 cross | punct |
| 41 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 46 cross | mark |
| 42 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 so | fixed |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 people | det |
| 44 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 cross | nsubj |
| 45 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 cross | aux |
| 46 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 placed | conj |
| 47 | over | over | ADV | _ | 46 cross | advmod |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 safety | case |
| 49 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 cross | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | Osode | Osode | morning | into the snake result | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Theme into snake=Result | ||
| 2 | place | past | Osode not said here | Osode | the river | with snake's tail; on the Enfitop side and snake's head on the Inkum side | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme on side=Destination | ||
| 3 | is | gerund | snake's back | water | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cross over | could | the people | safety | over property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/83/