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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 83

In the early morning, Osode turned himself into the snake, and placed himself across the river with his tail on the Enfitop side and his head on the Inkum side, his back being out of water, so that the people could cross over in safety.

Who acts: Osode, back, people · What happens: turn, place, be, cross over · To what, where: Osode, river, water, safety

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Osode, back, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

casedetamodoblpunctnsubjobjcasedetoblpunctccconjobjcasedetoblcasenmod:possoblcasedetcompoundoblccnmod:possconjcasedetcompoundnmodpunctnmod:possnsubjcopcasecaseparataxispunctmarkfixeddetnsubjauxconjadvmodcaseoblpunctrootInADPtheDETearlyADJmorningNOUN,PUNCTOsodePROPNturnedVERBhimselfPRONintoADPtheDETsnakeNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJplacedVERBhimselfPRONacrossADPtheDETriverNOUNwithADPhisPRONtailNOUNonADPtheDETEnfitopPROPNsideNOUNandCCONJhisPRONheadNOUNonADPtheDETInkumPROPNsideNOUN,PUNCThisPRONbackNOUNbeingAUXoutADPofADPwaterNOUN,PUNCTsoSCONJthatSCONJtheDETpeopleNOUNcouldAUXcrossVERBoverADVinADPsafetyNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1IninADP_4 morningcase
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 morningdet
3earlyearlyADJDegree=Pos4 morningamod
4morningmorningNOUNNumber=Sing7 turnedobl
5,,PUNCT_4 morningpunct
6OsodeOsodePROPNNumber=Sing7 turnednsubj
7turnedturnVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
8himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes7 turnedobj
9intointoADP_11 snakecase
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art11 snakedet
11snakesnakeNOUNNumber=Sing7 turnedobl
12,,PUNCT_14 placedpunct
13andandCCONJ_14 placedcc
14placedplaceVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 turnedconj
15himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes14 placedobj
16acrossacrossADP_18 rivercase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 riverdet
18riverriverNOUNNumber=Sing14 placedobl
19withwithADP_21 tailcase
20hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs21 tailnmod:poss
21tailtailNOUNNumber=Sing14 placedobl
22ononADP_25 sidecase
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 sidedet
24EnfitopEnfitopPROPNNumber=Sing25 sidecompound
25sidesideNOUNNumber=Sing14 placedobl
26andandCCONJ_28 headcc
27hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs28 headnmod:poss
28headheadNOUNNumber=Sing25 sideconj
29ononADP_32 sidecase
30thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 sidedet
31InkumInkumPROPNNumber=Sing32 sidecompound
32sidesideNOUNNumber=Sing28 headnmod
33,,PUNCT_35 backpunct
34hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs35 backnmod:poss
35backbackNOUNNumber=Sing39 waternsubj
36beingbeAUXTense=Pres VerbForm=Part39 watercop
37outoutADP_39 watercase
38ofofADP_39 watercase
39waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing14 placedparataxis
40,,PUNCT_46 crosspunct
41sosoSCONJExtPos=SCONJ46 crossmark
42thatthatSCONJ_41 sofixed
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 peopledet
44peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur46 crossnsubj
45couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin46 crossaux
46crosscrossVERBVerbForm=Inf14 placedconj
47overoverADV_46 crossadvmod
48ininADP_49 safetycase
49safetysafetyNOUNNumber=Sing46 crossobl
50..PUNCT_7 turnedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1turnpastOsodeOsodemorninginto the snake resultvn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Theme into snake=Result
2placepastOsode not said hereOsodethe riverwith snake's tail; on the Enfitop side and snake's head on the Inkum sidevn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme on side=Destination
3isgerundsnake's backwatertree rules
4cross overcouldthe peoplesafetyover propertyvn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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