Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 86
Chief Indoma blamed Chief Awum very much for what had happened, but he praised Chief Osode for getting them back in safety across the river, and also for his ingenious device in getting them some more human food without any risk or fighting.
Who acts: Chief, ingenious device · What happens: blame, happen, praise, get back, get · To what, where: Chief, Chief Osode, people, safety
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, ingenious device), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 blamed | nsubj |
| 2 | Indoma | Indoma | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Chief | flat |
| 3 | blamed | blame | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 blamed | obj |
| 5 | Awum | Awum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Chief | flat |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 much | advmod |
| 7 | much | much | ADV | _ | 3 blamed | advmod |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 11 happened | mark |
| 9 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 happened | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 happened | aux |
| 11 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 much | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 praised | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 praised | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 praised | nsubj |
| 15 | praised | praise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 blamed | conj |
| 16 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Osode | compound |
| 17 | Osode | Osode | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 praised | obj |
| 18 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 19 getting | mark |
| 19 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 praised | advcl |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 getting | obj |
| 21 | back | back | ADV | _ | 19 getting | advmod |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 safety | case |
| 23 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 getting | obl |
| 24 | across | across | ADP | _ | 26 river | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 river | det |
| 26 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 safety | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 device | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 device | cc |
| 29 | also | also | ADV | _ | 33 device | advmod |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 device | case |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 device | nmod:poss |
| 32 | ingenious | ingenious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 device | amod |
| 33 | device | device | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 blamed | parataxis |
| 34 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 35 getting | mark |
| 35 | getting | get | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 device | acl |
| 36 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 getting | obj |
| 37 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 40 food | det |
| 38 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 39 human | advmod |
| 39 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 food | amod |
| 40 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 getting | obj |
| 41 | without | without | ADP | _ | 43 risk | case |
| 42 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 43 risk | det |
| 43 | risk | risk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 getting | obl |
| 44 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 fighting | cc |
| 45 | fighting | fighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 risk | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 blamed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blame | past | Chief | Chief | Chief's ingenious device parataxis | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme | |||
| 2 | happen | past · perfect | what nsubj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | praise | past | Chief | Chief Osode | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent osode=Theme | ||||
| 4 | get back | gerund | Chief not said here | people | safety across the river | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | get | gerund | Chief's ingenious device not said here | people | without any risk or fighting; some human food obj | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary food=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/86/