Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 99
Then her mother said to her “Now that your father is dead, you must not go about as you did before, as there are only two of us.
Who acts: mother, father, Omegha, two · What happens: say, be, not go about, do · To what, where: Omegha · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother, father, Omegha, two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 mother | nmod:poss |
| 3 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 her | case |
| 6 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
| 8 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 go | advmod |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 dead | mark |
| 10 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 father | nmod:poss |
| 11 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dead | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 dead | cop |
| 13 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 Now | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Now | punct |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 go | nsubj |
| 16 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 go | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 go | advmod |
| 18 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 19 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 go | advmod |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 did | mark |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 did | nsubj |
| 22 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 go | advcl |
| 23 | before | before | ADV | _ | 22 did | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 are | punct |
| 25 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 27 are | mark |
| 26 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 27 are | expl |
| 27 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 go | parataxis |
| 28 | only | only | ADV | _ | 29 two | advmod |
| 29 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 27 are | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 us | case |
| 31 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 two | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Omegha's mother | Omegha | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to she=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | your father | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not go about in a quote | must | Omegha | now | about property | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | do in a quote | past | Omegha | before property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | be in a quote | present | two of us | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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