Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism., sentence 1
In Okuni, a long time ago, there dwelt a chief called ’Ndabu.
What happens: dwell, call · To what, where: chief, Okuni · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Okuni | case |
| 2 | Okuni | Okuni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 dwelt | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 time | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 time | det |
| 5 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 time | amod |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Okuni | appos |
| 7 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 6 time | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Okuni | punct |
| 9 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 10 dwelt | expl |
| 10 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 chief | det |
| 12 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 dwelt | obj |
| 13 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 chief | acl |
| 14 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 15 Ndabu | punct |
| 15 | Ndabu | Ndabu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 called | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 dwelt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dwell | past | a chief | Okuni; there | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme chief=Location | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | a chief not said here | Ndabu xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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