Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism., sentence 107
The chiefs then ordered two cows to be killed to make a feast, and a big play was held.
Who acts: chiefs · What happens: order, kill, make, hold · To what, where: two cows, feast, big play
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chiefs | det |
| 2 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ordered | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 ordered | advmod |
| 4 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 cows | nummod |
| 6 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ordered | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 killed | mark |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 killed | aux:pass |
| 9 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 ordered | xcomp |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 make | mark |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 killed | advcl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 feast | det |
| 13 | feast | feast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 held | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 held | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 play | det |
| 17 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 play | amod |
| 18 | play | play | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 held | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 held | aux:pass |
| 20 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 ordered | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ordered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | order | past | the chiefs | two cows | then | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cow=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | the chiefs not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 3 | make | to-infinitive | the chiefs not said here | a feast | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset feast=Product | ||||
| 4 | hold | past · passive | a big play | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/107/