Indian Fairy Tales, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14, sentence 54

So it was in one sense; for the leader commenced from a distance, and had sung the song over twice before he and his companions commenced to approach the robbers.

Who acts: song, leader · What happens: be, commence, sing, approach · To what, where: one sense, leader, song, robbers

This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (song, leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	6 sense	advmod
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 sense	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 sense	cop
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sense	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 sense	nummod
6	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 sense	punct
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 leader	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 leader	det
10	leader	leader	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sense	nmod
11	commenced	commence	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 leader	acl
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 distance	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 distance	det
14	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 commenced	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 sung	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 sung	cc
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 sung	aux
18	sung	sing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 sense	parataxis
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 song	det
20	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 sung	obj
21	over	over	ADV	_	22 twice	advmod
22	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	18 sung	advmod
23	before	before	SCONJ	_	28 commenced	mark
24	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 commenced	nsubj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 companions	cc
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 companions	nmod:poss
27	companions	companion	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 he	conj
28	commenced	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 sung	advcl
29	to	to	PART	_	30 approach	mark
30	approach	approach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 commenced	xcomp
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 robbers	det
32	robbers	robber	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 approach	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sense	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	song		one sense	for the leader	tree rules
2	commence	participle		the leader not said here		from a distance	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	sing speech: express	past · perfect		the song		twice property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
4	commence	past	leader				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
5	approach	to-infinitive	leader not said here	the robbers			vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robber=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/20/54/