Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 27
Combined in one way they present the picture of a lion, another combination shows a map of Europe, another still, a view of St Paul’s, and so on.
Who acts: stories · What happens: combine, present, show, view · To what, where: one way, picture, map, St Paul
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Combined | combine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 shows | advcl |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 way | case |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 way | nummod |
| 4 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Combined | obl |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 present | nsubj |
| 6 | present | present | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 way | acl:relcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 picture | det |
| 8 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 present | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 lion | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 lion | det |
| 11 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 picture | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 combination | punct |
| 13 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 combination | det |
| 14 | combination | combination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 picture | conj |
| 15 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 map | det |
| 17 | map | map | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 shows | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Europe | case |
| 19 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 map | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 view | punct |
| 21 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 view | det |
| 22 | still | still | ADV | _ | 25 view | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 still | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 view | det |
| 25 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 map | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 Paul | case |
| 27 | St | St | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Paul | compound |
| 28 | Paul | Paul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 view | nmod |
| 29 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 28 Paul | case |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 on | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 on | cc |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 on | advmod |
| 33 | on | on | ADV | _ | 15 shows | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | combine | participle | one way | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | present | present | stories = story | the picture of a lion and another combination | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme | ||||
| 3 | show | present | a map of Europe and another view of St Paul | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent map=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | view | St Paul | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/27/